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Myanmar, officially known as the Socialist Republic of the Union of Myanmar, is located in Southeast Asia. The country is bordered by China to the northeast, India and Bangladesh to the west, Laos to the east, and Thailand to the southeast.
Myanmar has coastlines along the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea and is also known as Burma and Birmania. Myanmar's history commenced when Turkic and Mongol tribes migrated from Central Asia to the region. It rose to prominence in the 14th century upon the establishment of a state. Subsequently, in 1882, it was invaded by the British. During World War II, Japan occupied it, and after the British withdrawal on January 4, 1948, Myanmar achieved independence.
Myanmar, with administrative divisions comprising 50 states, exhibits almost all typical characteristics of Southeast Asia. Myanmar's population, totaling approximately 53 million people, is characterized by its diversity of ethnic groups. These groups include the Bamar, Karen, Shan, Chin, Kachin, and Kayah. Among them, the Bamar constitute the largest ethnic group, comprising 74% of the population. Additionally, there are smaller numbers of migrants from Bangladesh, India, and China residing in Myanmar.
Myanmar's capital is Naypyidaw, and Yangon, which is the former capital of the country, is one of the most populous cities. Other significant cities in Myanmar include Mandalay, Mawlamyaing, Mingun, and Putao. While the official language is Burmese, various local languages such as Jingpho, Chin, Rakhine, Shan, Kayah, Karen, and Mon are also spoken. The official currency used in Myanmar is the Kyat.
Myanmar's economy relies predominantly on agriculture and is classified as one of the world's least developed countries. Rice, the primary agricultural product cultivated in the nation, plays a crucial role as a staple food source, consistent with many Southeast Asian countries. Other agricultural products include wheat, maize, millet, sesame, pulses, cotton, tea, and sugarcane. After agriculture, the secondary sector is mining due to underground resources.
Myanmar is rich in natural resources, with approximately 60% of its land covered by tropical forests. Additionally, the country has sought to utilize its wealth, including petroleum, natural gas, timber, antimony, coal, hydropower, tin, zinc, lead, tungsten, gold, silver, copper, and gemstones. Fishing is also a prominent industry, with various fish from the country's rivers and seas contributing to the income.
Myanmar hosts a few cement, paper, textile, and sugar production facilities, with ivory and woodcarving, silk production, and jewelry making being widespread. The monsoon climate dominates Myanmar, as it does in most Southeast Asian countries. The southern regions exposed to the monsoon winds receive an incredibly high rainfall. The annual temperature ranges from 17 to 39 degrees Celsius, with little to no winter in Myanmar. The country experiences monsoon rains that can lead to flooding.
Myanmar celebrates its Independence Day on January 4 with vibrant parades and festivities. Some of the major festivals held in the country include Chinlone and Taunggyi Tazaungdaing Balloon Festival.
Myanmar's cuisine is highly diverse, with influences from neighboring countries. Rice, the most consumed food, is used in many local dishes or as a side dish. Indian, Chinese, and Mon cuisines have a significant influence on Myanmar's food culture. The traditional dish Mohinga is made with rice, fish, and meat broth. Another delicious dish, Onnokauswe, is made by mixing chicken and coconut milk. Nan gyi thoke is prepared with rice, green vegetables, and chicken. Laphet thote is made by combining rice, nuts, and salads.